Franklin Pierce

Life & History

Early Life: Franklin Pierce was born on November 23, 1804, in Hillsborough, New Hampshire. His father was a Revolutionary War veteran and later became governor of New Hampshire. Pierce attended Bowdoin College, where he became friends with future famous Americans. After graduating, he studied law and became a lawyer. He was known for his friendly personality and strong political connections.

Political Career: Pierce began his career in New Hampshire politics and later served in the U.S. House of Representatives and the U.S. Senate. He was a member of the Democratic Party and supported the expansion of the United States. Pierce also served as an officer in the Mexican-American War. After returning home, he stayed out of politics for a time before being chosen as a presidential candidate. In 1852, he won the presidency as a relatively unknown “dark horse” candidate.

Presidency (1853–1857): Pierce served as the 14th President of the United States during a time of rising tension over slavery. He supported the Kansas-Nebraska Act, which allowed new territories to decide whether to allow slavery. This decision led to violent conflicts known as “Bleeding Kansas.” Pierce believed he was preserving national unity, but his actions made divisions worse. His presidency is often viewed as unsuccessful because it failed to ease tensions.

Later Life: After leaving office, Pierce returned to New Hampshire and stayed out of politics. He was deeply affected by personal tragedies, including the death of his son before he became president. Pierce also faced criticism for his views during the Civil War, as he was sympathetic to the South. He died on October 8, 1869. Today, he is often remembered as one of the least effective presidents.

Learn the State: New Hampshire

Franklin Pierce was born in New Hampshire. Can you guess the capital?

Huebi, CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons
Reveal Capital